Milk is known to reduce the risk of osteoporosis and potentially benefit bone health, particularly among Iranian populations where consumption of dairy products is low.The aim of this prospective study was to assess the physiological effect of milk consumption on bone mass density (BMD) and prevention of osteoporosis in adult FEMALES.This investigation was performed on twenty NON-ATHLETE thin and obese FEMALES. BMD and blood parameters were measured by routine laboratory tests at the beginning of the study and two months later. Both groups received two glasses of semi-skim milk (1.5% fat; 600 mg/dL calcium) three times a week for a total duration of two months.The study findings showed that BMD of the hip and spinal cord (L2-L4) significantly increased in both groups after two months (P<0.05).According to our data, consumption of two glasses of milk three times per week could remarkably increase BMD in FEMALES hence, it could be concluded that the frequent consumption of milk by both thin and obese YOUNG FEMALES can reduce the risk of osteoporosis.

Introduction: Cerebral autoregulation (CA) and Mean Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity in males and FEMALES are still under controversy. The present study was scheduled to address the effect of sex on these parameters.Materials and Methods: The Present study was interventional and performed on 30 healthy volunteers (15 males aging from 20-30 yrs and mean age of 23.9±3 years old and 15 FEMALES aging from 20 to 30 yrs and mean age of 24.2±2.5 years old). Flow velocity in middle cerebral artery (MCA) was assessed using transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography with a 2MHz probe. Eckbergs neck suction device was utilized to stimulate carotid baroreceptors and a standard electrocardiograph, which recorded lead II ECG traces, demonstrated carotid baroreflex response. In this study mean blood flow velocity in MCA represented the amount of brain blood flow. To analyze the data ANOVA and t-test were employed. Results: There was a significant reduction in the heart rate after carotid baroreceptors stimulation in both sexes (P<0.001). The difference between the mean blood flow velocity oscillations of both groups in MCA during carotid baroreceptors stimulation was not statistically significant. However this was significantly higher in FEMALES both in baseline state and during stimulation (P<0.05).Conclusion: The results indicated the high efficacy of cerebral blood flow autoregulation and higher cerebral blood flow velocity in FEMALES which is probably due to estrogen hormone.

The change in cultural and social ideals in combination with the evolution of women’ s social roles definitions have brought an emergent or even a complex situation in the process of marriage for YOUNG women. To understand this complexity as the main goal of this research, the deep qualitative approach was used. Therefore, deep semistructured interviews were held with 15 YOUNG women in Mashhad city. The interview scripts were analyzed using grounded theory method. Findings showed that despite the powerful presence of traditional values and beliefs, there was an increase in women’ s agency. This fact was formulated as a central phenomenon in terms of a category named: “ a conflict between individuality and traditional values in the process of choosing mate” . Moreover, regarding to causal factors such as “ economic and cultural independency” , contextual factors such as “ intergenerational transmission” and “ the revolution in communication patterns” , and mediating factors like “ education experience of women and their families” , YOUNG women adopted different mate selecting strategies including the traditional, friendship based or mixed ones which have four different groups of consequences. These consequences have been discussed extensively in this article.

Purpose: To evaluate the range of accommodation lag and it's signs and symptoms in 20-25 year old female students at Zahedan Medical School, Iran. Methods: Three-hundred female students were enrolled for assessment of accommodation. After Exclusion of individuals with individuals with accommodation disorders in 3 steps including amplitude of accommodation, accommodative facility, and relative accommodation; 216 students Remained and were assessed for accommodative response and lag. Results: Of 216 eligible persons, 28 (13%) had no accommodation lag. Accommodation lag of Other degrees were as follow: +0.25 in 42 (19.4%), +0.50 in 40 (18.5%), +0.75 in 39 (18.1%), +1.00 in 51 (23.6%), +1.25 in 4 (1.9%), +1.5 in 10 (4.6%), and +1.75 in 2 (0.9%). None of the 149 participants with accommodation lag of 0.00 to + 0.75 had any problem. From 51 persons with +1 accommodation lag, 6 (11.8% or 2.8% of total) had eye strain and 4 (2.8% or 1.9% of total) had both burning and eye strain. Overall, 4.2% had burning eye strain. Conclusion: Accommodation Jag assessment is a necessary exam for complaints of eye strain and burning.

Introduction: According to the importance of head alignment in general posture, it seems that deviation of head from neutral position can affect complex postural and equilibrium control. The purpose of this study was to survey the relationship between forward head posture and balance parameters.Materials and Methods: Twenty FEMALES (mean age 20.36 years) with forward head posture and Twenty healthy subjects without forward head posture (mean age 21.47 years) were placed in two groups. The degree of forward head posture was measured using plumb line and the cranio-vertebral angle in both sitting and standing postures. Balance tests were performed on a force platform under conditions of double and single leg stance, eyes open and closed on foam and rigid surfaces. Parameters calculated from center of pressure data were standard deviation of displacement and velocity in both anterior-posterior and mediolateral directions, mean total velocity, standard deviation of total displacement and velocity.Results: The cranio-vertebral angle showed a significant difference between two groups in both sitting and standing postures (P<0.001). Women with forward head posture have more center of pressure displacement and velocity than women without postural deviations (P<0.05).Conclusion: Forward head posture can affect postural control and lead to motor control impairment. This balance impairment gets obvious especially in conditions that postural control will be challenged.

Resistin is an adipocyte-derived hormone, plays a key role in regulating energy homeostasis and metabolism. Only small amounts of resistin in humans is expressed in adipose tissue. Resistin gene expression is bone marrow, spleen, lung and placenta in human. The aim of this study was the effects of regular aerobic training on resistin gene expression in active YOUNG Female. 20 FEMALES were randomly divided into control and experimental group. The experimental group was aerobic training for 8 weeks, 4 sessions in every week, consider to overloading, the first sessions of training have performed with the intensity at 70% of maximum heart rate and 80% maximum heart rate at the end of the week (from 40 minutes first sessions to 60 minutes at the last sessions). Resistin expression was investigated after separating the lymphocytes by centrifuge and using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The results show the effect of aerobic exercise and control groups are not the same, resistin gene expression increased in the aerobic training group (P=0.001). Body mass index after 8 weeks of aerobic training had a significant decrease in experimental group (P=0.005). there were significant decrease at the fat percentage before and after the 8 weeks in experimental group(P=0.01). The regular aerobic training in addition to reducing weight, BMI, and Fat percentage would also elevation of resistin gene expression in active YOUNG female.